‚P@See Family Firm Institute Web site (http://www.ffi.org/).

‚Q@The data source is Nihon Kaisha-shi Soran (A Bibliography of Company History), Toyo Keizai Shinpo-sha, 1995.  This book summarizes the histories of 3072 important firms in Japan.

‚R@If there are foundations or other organizations owned by family members, the equity share of them are counted in the family share.  The data source is Oukabunushi Soran (A Bibliography of Large Shareholders), Toyo Keizai, 1994.

‚S@Japanese economy had suffered from long depression, glost ten years,h as we call, since the collapse of the bubble economy in 1992, and has recovered early 2000s.