1） 本稿は，科学研究費補助金基盤研究（Ｃ）「好奇心と悪趣味の系譜─教養文化とは何であったか」（2009～2011年度）による研究成果の一部であり，2009年９月27日に東洋大学で開催された社会経済史学会第78回全国大会パネルディスカッション⑤「消費社会における教養を考える─イギリス史からの視点─」における報告に加筆修正したものである。
2） W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, Cambridge University Press, 1960. W.W. ロストウ（木村健康他訳）『経済成長の諸段階─一つの非共産主義宣言』ダイヤモンド社，1961年，p.123.
3） Marina Moskovitz, Standard of Living: The Measurement of the Middle Class in Modern America, John Hopkins University, 2004, p.11.
4） Peter N. Stearns, ‘Stages of Consumerism: Recent Work on the Issues of Periodization’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 69, no.1, 1997.
6） Vogue, American ed., October, 1926.
7） Alfred Cahndler Jr., Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise, MIT Press, 1962.
8） Paul H. Nystrom, Economics of Fashion, New York, Ronald Press Company, 1928.
9） Roger Mason, The Economics of Conspicuous Consumption（1998）, R. メイソン『顕示的消費の経済学』（鈴木 信雄他訳）名古屋出版会，2000年，p. 118.
10） A. L. Kroeber, ‘On the Principle of Order in Civilization as Exemplified by Changes of Fashion’, American Anthropologist, vol. 21, no. 3, 1919.
11） 塚田朋子「ポール・Ｈ・ナイストロムの流行商品計画論」『三田商学研究』2006年，vol. 49, no. ４, p. 159.
12） Paul H. Nystrom, ‘Character and Direction of Fashion Movements’ in W. Gordon and D. Midgley, Fashion Marketing, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1973; Originally published as Nystrom, Economics of Fashion, 1928.
13） Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, New York, Free Press, 1962. 青池愼一他訳『イノベーション普及学』 産能大学出版部，1990年．
14） Mark S. Granovetter, ‘The Strength of Weak Ties’, American Journal of Sociology, vol. 78, no. 6, 1973.
15） Ronald S. Burt, Structural holes: the social structure of competition, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press,1992.
16） Lipovetsky, G., The Empire of Fashion: Dressing Modern Democracy, 1987, translated by C. Porter, Princeton, 1994.
17） Shinobu Majima, ‘From Haute Couture to High Street: the role of shows and fairs in twentieth-century fashion’, Textile History, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 71－91, 2008.
18） Drapers Record, January 2002.
19） James Laver, A Concise History of Costume. Retitled, Costume and Fashion: A Concise History, ed. by Amy de la Haye, Thames & Hudson, 2002.
20） D. de Marly, The History of Haute Couture, 1850－ 1950, London, 1980.
21） Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen Twenties, 1931. F. L. アレン（藤久ミネ訳）『オンリー・イエスタデイ』筑摩書房，1986年．
23） G. Stanley Hall, ‘Flapper Americana Novissima’, The Atlantic Monthly, June 1922, p. 771.
24） ‘What is a Genuine Flapper?’, The Daily Mirror, August 28, 1916, p. 5.
25） Judith R. Walkowitz, ‘The Vision of Salome: Cosmopolitanism and Erotic Dancing in Central London, 1908－1918’, American Historical Review, vol. 108, no. 2, 2003.
26） John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, London, Macmillan, 1919, ch. 2.
27） Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001. A. マディソン（政治経済研究所訳）『経済統計で見る世界経済2000年史』柏書房，2004年，pp. 118－120.
28） Herbert George Wells, The Outline of History: being a plain history of life and mankind, London, Waverley Book Company, 1920. H. G. ウェルズ（北川三郎訳）『世界文化史大系』世界文化史刊行会，1951年．
29） Emily Post, Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home, New York, Funk & Wagnalls, 1922.
31） Paul A. Kramer, ‘Empires, Exceptions and Anglo-Saxons: Race and Rule between the British and United States Empires, 1880－1910’, Journal of American History, vol. 88, no. 4, 2002, p. 1320.
32） Frank Trentmann, Free Trade Nation, Oxford University Press, 2008.
33） Rik Wenting, ‘Spinoff Dynamics and the Spatial Formation Fashion Design Industry, 1858－2005’, Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 593－614, 2008.
34） Wenting, ‘Spinoff dynamics’, p. 612.
35） Richard Florida, ‘The Economic Geography of Talents’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 743－755, 2002.
36） 図の作成には，ネットワーク分析用ソフトウェアUCINET を使用した。
38） Granovetter, ‘The Strength of Weak Ties’, p. 1361.
39） 山口昌子『シャネルの真実』人文書院，2002年，p. 98.
40） 成実弘至『20世紀ファッションの文化史─時代をつくった10人─』河出書房新社，2007年，p. 73.
41） ‘From Paris’, Harpers Bazaar, November, 1917.
42） ‘Harrods One-Week Sale’, The Times, January 7, 1915, p. 4; March 5, 1915, p. 11.
44） Eleanor Dwight, Diana Vreeland, William Morrow, 2002.
45） Cherington, P. T., ‘Some Commercial Aspects of Styles and Fashions in the Clothing and Textile Industries’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 1, no. 4, 1924; Christopher Breward, Fashion, Oxford History of Art, Oxford University Press,2003.
46） Lisa Cohen, ‘Frock Consciousness: Virginia Woolf, the Open Secret and the Language of Fashion’, Fashion Theory, vol. 3, no. 2, 1999.
47） Lisa Cohen, ‘Velvet is very important: Madge Garland and the work of fashion’, GLQ: a Journal of Gay and Lesbian Studies, vol. 11, no. 3.
48） Ann Pender, ‘Modernist Madonnas: Dorothy Todd, Madge Garland and Virginia Woolf’, Women’s History Review, vol. 16, no. 4, 2007.
49） J. Russell Noble, ed., Recollections of Virginia Woolf, Peter Owen, 1972.
50） 深井晃子『ファッションの世紀：共振する20世紀のファッションとアート』平凡社，2005年，pp. 33－36.
52） Madge Garland, Changing Form of Fashion, Littlehampton Book Services, 1970; J. Anderson Black & Madge Garland, A History of Fashion, Orbis Books, 1975
53） ‘Wife Sues Baronet’, Daily Mirror, May 17, 1924.
55） Harriet Quick, Catwalking: A History of the Fashion Model, Book Sales, 1999.
56） Vogue, American ed., November, 1933.
58） Patricia Campbell Warner,‘The Americanization of Fashion: Sportswear, the Movies and the 1930s’, in L. Welters & P. A. Cunningham, eds., Twentieth-Century American Fashion, Berg, 2005, p. 79.
59） N. White, Reconstructing Italian Fashion: America and the Development of the Italian Fashion Industry, Berg, 2001.
60） Sandra Stansbery, ‘Promoting American Designers, 1940－44: Building Our Own House’, in Welters & Cunningham, Twentieth-Century American Fashion, p. 103.
62） ジョアン＝フィンケルシュタイン『ファッションの文化社会学』せりか書房，2007年。
63） Anna Wintor, ‘Both Sides Now’, The Guardian, May 19, 1997, p.7.
64） ‘Percentage unemployed among insured persons’, Ministry of Labour Gazette, 1939. ‘National income’, Statistical abstract for the United Kingdom, 1938.
65） Peter Scott, ‘Managing Door-to-Door Sales of Vacuum Cleaners in Interwar Britain’, Business History Review, vol. 82, no. 3, 2008, pp. 761－788.
66） J. B. Priestley, English Journey. 1934.
67） Savage, Mike, ‘Affluence and Social Change in the Making of Technocratic Middle-Class Identities: Britain, 1939-55’. Contemporary British History, vol. 22, no. 4, 2008.
68） ‘Quality and England’, Vogue, British ed., February 1951, cited in Penny Martin, ‘English Photography?’, Christopher Breward, Becky Conekin and Caroline Cox, eds., The Englishness of English Dress, Berg, 2002, p. 176.
69） Rushton, Pauline, Mrs Tinne’s Wardrobe: A Liverpool Lady’s Clothes, 1900−1940. Bluecoat Press, 2006.
70） Emile Zola, The Ladies’ Paradise, trans. by Brian Nelson, Oxford World’s Classics, 1995.
71） Barbara Burman, ‘What a Deal of Work there is in a Dress! Englishness and Home Dressing in the Age of the Sewing Machine’, Breward, Conekin and Cox, eds., The Englishness of English Dresses, p. 79.
72） ‘Liberty Dresses Ready-to-wear’, Daily Mirror, April 19, 1921, p. 7; ‘C&A value means economy & lasting satisfaction’ Daily Mirror, October 30, 1922, p. 6; ‘Your New Spring Tailleur-in the newest Suitings, Tweeds, and fascinating textures you never saw before’, The Times, March 9, 1925, p. 11; ‘D. H. Evans & Co. Special Value in Irish Linen Frock’, Daily Mirror, March 31, 1925, p. 17; Swan & Edgar, Piccadilly Circus-the Hub of the World, Inexpensive Summer Frocks!’, Daily Mirror, May 27, 1929, p. 8.
73） Harrods, 1928−29, Athena Press, 2009.
74） Andrew Godley, ‘The Development of the UK Clothing Industry, 1850－1950: Output and Productivity Growth’, Business History vol. 37, no. 3, 1995; Godley et al, ‘Fashion and its Impact on the Economic Development of London’s East End Womenswear Industry, 1929－62’, Textile History , vol. 34, no. 2, 2003.
75） ‘The Permission of the Committee of the London Stock Exchange to deal in the Shares now offered for sale will be applied for in due course. Marks & Spencer, Limited.’ The Times, June 28, 1926, p.20.
76） ‘How to Invest Your Money’, Daily Mirror, April 13, 1931.
77） Scott, Peter, The Property Masters: a history of the British commercial property sector, 1996.
78） ‘Models in British Materials - Mlle. Chanel Exhibition’, The Times, May 6, 1932, p. 12.
79） Vikki Egerton, A History of Hollings College, 1901-1976, Beechwood, 1978.
80） Suzette Worden and Jill Seddon, ‘Women Designers in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s’, Journal of Design History, vol. 8, no. 3, 1995.
81） G. Waddell, ‘The Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers: Its Impact on Post-War British Fashion’, Costume, no. 23, 1999.
82） Cohen, ‘Velvet is very important’, p. 389.
83） Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project, c. 1939, trans. by Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin, Harvard University Press, 2002.
84） Christopher Breward, Fashion, Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 172.
85） James Laver, Taste and Fashion since the French Revolution, 1937, extracts in G. Wills et al., eds., Fashion Marketing: An Anthology of Viewpoints and Perspectives, London, 1973.
86） Cecil Willett Cunnington, English Women’s Clothing in the 19th Century, London, Faber, 1937.
87） Lou Taylor, Establishing Dress History, Manchester University Press, 2004.
88） ‘Lady Ashton, 92, Dies; English Fashion Editor’, New York Times, July 20, 1990.
89） 長沢伸也・杉本香七『シャネルの戦略：究極のラグジュアリーブランドに見る技術経営』東洋経済新報社，2010年．
90） ‘Woman’s Character in Dress’, The Daily Mirror, September, 29, 1926, p. 18.